India, Bangladesh Debate 'Secularism' and 'Socialism' in Constitutions
The terms 'secular' and 'socialism' have sparked intense debates in both India and Bangladesh, with political parties challenging their presence in the constitutions. These controversies have deep historical roots and reflect differing visions of the nations' identities.
In India, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and its affiliates, the Sangh Parivar, demand the removal of these words, advocating for India as a 'Hindu nation'. Meanwhile, Bangladesh, after a period of authoritarian rule and a 2024 revolution, is debating proposed constitutional reforms that include omitting 'socialism' and 'secularism'. The Constitution Reform Commission has suggested new guiding principles of 'equality, human dignity, and social justice'.
The introduction of these terms in the constitutions through the 42nd Amendment in India and the 15th Amendment in Bangladesh did not fundamentally alter the character of either constitution. Both nations were already committed to protecting citizens' religious freedoms and prohibiting religious discrimination. However, the proposed reforms aim to undo decades of shrinking civic spaces and strengthen democratic institutions.
The controversies surrounding 'secularism' and 'socialism' in the constitutions of India and Bangladesh reflect complex political and social dynamics. As both nations consider constitutional reforms, they must navigate these deep divisions and ensure that any changes protect the rights and freedoms of all citizens.
